Logical Fallacies

Fallacies atomic number 18 encountered frequently in every day strains. An argument is fallacious when it contains one or more logical fallacies. A logical error - or fallacy, for short - is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning (Critical Thinking, 2000).

The following text will examine three logical fallacies: appeal to feeling, post hoc ergo propter hoc (PHEPH), and ad hominem. I will also discuss each fallacys application to decision making and significance to critical thinking. A good critical thinker will investigate the state presented in an argument before coming to a conclusion. Fallacies are frequently committed when research has non been completed and one-sided opinions emotions have taken over.

Appeal to emotion, formerly called appeal to pity, is a fallacy where the arguer tries to petition the emotion of the listener rather than bias them using logic. People tend to react when their emotions become stimulate and the arguer can easily gain support. One ideal of an appeal to emotion came from a 1972 advertisement for the Foulke Fur Co. there were protests being made against the fur company because of the killing of Alaskan seals. The advertisement stated that the clubbing of the seals was a mode of conservation, practice wildlife management, because biologists believe a healthier small town is a controlled colony (UOP, Master List).



By oversimplifying the argument, Foulke Fur Co. tried to instal people believe that science supported their business. Clubbing the seals, however, was not the most humane way to manage the colonies of seals.

The appeal to emotion fallacy has proven to be effective in marketing. A 2006 article by Wayne E. Pollard reports that marketing without persuasion does not result in sales. Recent studies suggest that emotions are innate to decision-making. Trust is a factor in buying decisions, particularly when the prospect has...

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